Over the past years, there has been public health concern over the possible association between disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water and risks of health effects to human. Early epidemiological studies focused on cancer outcomes, while the more recent studies have focused on reproductive outcomes.

The association (and its strength) of exposure to DBPs in drinking water with certain reproductive outcomes, such as:

• specific malformations and still birth in different populations and countries (WP3);
• premature birth and small for gestational age (WP4);
• quality of semen (WP5)

will be evaluated respectively.